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Regenerative means reproduction of things that are lost during work process. Similarly, a regenerative braking is a reproduction of energy lost during the braking process in the form of heat. It is re-usage of energy that seems to go wasted in converting the kinetic energy of the vehicle wheel to heat energy with the application of brakes. Regeneration of brake is done using an electric motor by working in the reverse direction as electric generator. Regenerative braking is a technology that is provided in electric vehicles as well as hybrid vehicles to assist the battery by generating energy in the form of electricity, which can be used for the future process.
Hybrid and electric vehicles produce their own electric energy for recharging battery with the help of regenerative method. In case of electric vehicle, motor is the main source for vehicle propulsion, so regeneration of braking loss is important to charge the battery with help of generator. While in hybrid systems, since there is a participation of dual power sources, regeneration is not so important. In an electric vehicle, there is an individual motor/generator provided for each individual wheel, whose main connection is provided to the drive train through the gearbox. On the flip side, in hybrid vehicles there exists only one motor /generator, which is connected with the engine, which works like a conventional generator.
Nowadays, all electric and hybrid vehicles are installed with electronic throttle control system, which controls the brake pedal system. In an electric vehicle, when the throttle is pressed, the throttle pedal sensors are activated automatically to sense the throttle pressure. The signals generated by these sensors are then transferred to an on-board computer, which immediately activates the controller to supply current to the motor from the battery to propel the vehicle. Conversely, when the throttle closes and vehicle is still in motion, all of its kinetic energy is utilized to convert into electrical signals with the aid of generator, and is then supplied to the battery.
Regenerative braking system is usually of two types, Series RBS and Parallel RBS, which is based on the conversion methods of kinetic energy into electrical energy. Series RBS is a combined unit of friction based braking system that transfers energy into electric motors and batteries under integrated electronic control strategy. While Parallel regenerative braking system is a tandem unit of friction based braking system that transfers energy into electric motors and batteries without electronic control strategy. Parallel RBS is more advantageous compared to Series RBS due to less complex control requirement. Similarly, recovered energy of Parallel RBS is comparatively less. Hence, drive ability of the vehicle is less preserved compared to the Series RBS.
Regenerative Braking System is also classified into Hydrostatic regenerative braking (HRB), in which, hydraulic components are used to improve the fuel efficiency. Kinetic energy is converted using a reversible pump, which sends hydraulic fluid from low to high pressure accumulator that results in a nitrogen gas expansion to slow down the vehicle. The fluid continues to remain pressurized until driver presses the throttle again; so to when the pump operates in reverse, the pressurized fluid helps to accelerate the vehicle.
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Source: http://blog.theautopartsshop.com/understanding-the-basics-of-regenerative-braking-technology/
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